30.11.2008

Politics & the Nation

  • Pakistani terror outfits behind Mumbai carnage
    • That the terror outfits based on Pakistan are behind the Mumbai carnage is now clear with reports of the revelations from the sole captured terrorist coming out.
    • I believe the whole incident points to a miserable failure of our coast guard. In spite of two of its officers getting killed in the high seas, the fact that it did not know their whereabouts/safety or preferred to keep mum, is quite troubling, to say the least.
    • It is a reality that Pakistan based terror outfits will keep trying to perpetrate more such attacks. While the Pakistani government cannot escape the blame, what is needed is not increasing the anti-Pak rhetoric, but being more prepared. We know it is as ineffective as ineffective can be in controlling the bad elements within its government and borders. What needs to be done is raise India's preparedness to tackle such incidents by carefully analyzing the way each such incident is handled by us. Raising specialist outfits a la the NSG, arming them to teeth, training them, counselling civilians in facing such situations etc., are somethings that come to mind.
    • And more importantly life should go on. Looking back at the incident should be to learn lessons, not to keep ruing about good days gone by or to re-live the bad experience.
  • One interesting read about being bullet proof
    • Do you know the speed at which a bullet from an AK series of rifle travels? Reportedly at about 2600 kmph. Even if one were to wear a helmet that can protect one's head from a bullet coming from an AK series of rifle, the mere impact of the bullet will snap the spinal chord of the victim. Hence they say, there is no point in trying to come up with a head protective gear against AK series of rifles. That explains the deadliness of the AK series of guns.
    • The terrorists used the AK 56 series of rifles in their assault in Mumbai.
Finance & Economy
  • Will online advertising take a hit in the current economic downturn?
    • Online advertising has an advantage over traditional advertising. The advantage arises from its belonging to both 'above-the-line' and 'below-the-line' groups of marketing spends. Hence it is expected that it will not take a hit even during recession.
    • What are these 'above-the-line' and 'below-the-line' market spends?
    • Above-the-line spending drives brand “awareness” (probably on television) or “consideration” by a consumer planning a purchase (probably in a newspaper).
    • Below-the-line spending includes promotions or coupons to whet the consumer’s “preference” for the brand as he nears a purchase, or schemes such as frequent-flyer miles to increase his “loyalty” afterwards.
    • Experience has shown that it is the former which takes a bad hit during recessions, while the latter is less impacted by a recession.
    • So how does online advertising occupy both the spaces?
      • Consider for example an online ad of a company called Kraft, which is a food company. It has an image that raises brand awareness, a clickable link that reveals a recipe which increases consideration, another clickable link that provides coupons and yet another clickable link that initiates a game that can be shared with friends. As these components of the ad increase brand awareness as well as consideration, the ad spend falls under both 'above-the-line' and 'below-the-line' marketing spends.
  • ATF prices cut for a record sixth time (ATF: Aviation Turbine Fuel; the fuel used by aeroplanes)
    • ATF prices will be Rs 36,900 per kilo-liter (KL) in Delhi, Rs 45,248 per KL in Kolkata, Rs 38,103 per KL in Mumbai and Rs 40,998 per KL in Chennai.
    • Why the difference in prices among cities? Because of differing sales tax rates.
    • In spite of the cut, airlines are reluctant to pass on the benefit to the passengers because they have suffered huge losses on account of the uncontrollable operational costs over the last one year. ATF itself accounts for about 50% of the operational costs for them; up from about 35% a year ago. They are awaiting the government's move to bring ATF under the declared goods; a move which would reduce the sales tax rate to 4%.
    • In this context, it would be interesting to know the profit/loss made by the OMCs (Oil Marketing Companies) on retail sales of fuels. Take a look at this graphic.
  • Ever heard of bottom fishing?
    • This is one good ET Guide book piece that explains it well. Simply stated it means buying stock when they are trading at their lowest values. In the current market scenario there can be many doing some bottom fishing.
  • Similarly one more article that beautifully explains about ETFs: Exchange Traded Funds. Read it here.
International
  • Colombia's kidnap victims
    • The FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) is an organization in Colombia that has fought to overthrow the Colombian government and install a Marxist government since the 1960s
    • It has suffered a series of defeats in recent years and has turned to the drug trade to raise money for its struggle in the 1990s. In addition it has also resorted to high-level kidnaps of locals and foreigners with a view to trade them for release of its cadre from the government prisons and for ransom. But the Colombian government refused to engage with them in talks, as a matter of policy.
    • Colombia witnessed protests against FARC demanding that the kidnap victims be released. FARC reportedly has hundreds of people in its custody.
  • What is Black Friday? What is Thanksgiving day?
    • Black Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States, where it is the beginning of the traditional Christmas shopping season.
    • Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November, at the end of the harvest season, is an annual American Federal holiday to express thanks for one's material and spiritual possessions.
Medicine
  • Look at how drug firms play sinister games for the sake of profit
    • Whenever we hear a tirade against multi-national drug companies from our local intelligentia, many of us are likely to dismiss them as outright leftist propaganda.
    • It is not the developing countries alone that are battlegrounds for such action. Even Europe itself, according to the European Commission, remains one. The drug companies' use legal action and multiple patents to delay the introduction of generic drugs which would be available at a lower cost than the branded ones. Because of this, the EU healthcare providers have lost about 3bn euros ($3.9bn; £2.5bn) in savings between 2000 and 2007.
    • Drug firms said the "perfectly lawful" measures were justified to protect investment in research and development.
    • It is interesting to note that drug firms spend about 17% of their turnover on R&D efforts.
Science & Technology
  • Britain to equip its police with tasers.
    • What are tasers? A taser is a electroshock weapon that uses Electro-Muscular Disruption (EMD) technology to cause neuromuscular incapacitation (NMI) and strong muscle contractions through the involuntary stimulation of both the sensory nerves and the motor nerves.
    • Tasers were introduced as less-lethal weapons to be used by police to subdue fleeing, belligerent, or potentially dangerous subjects, often when what they consider to be a more lethal weapon would have otherwise been used. The use of Tasers has become controversial following instances of Taser use which have resulted in injury and death
    • The Taser is named after a fictional weapon: Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle. Taser is a registered trade name.
Language lesson
    • Play it by ear
      • Verb: Decide on one's actions as one goes along, depending on the situation.
      • eg: "She didn't know what to expect from her new job, so she played it by ear"

29.11.2008

Politics & the Nation

  • It surprises me no end that the security forces have taken this long to mow down the terrorists holed up in the Taj at Mumbai.
    • No doubt, this is no ordinary skirmish and the terrorists are surely not ordinary people. They are so thoroughly trained, appear to be aware of the topography of the entire building, and more than that they don't care either for their lives or for the lives of others.
    • But India sends a message that no amount of terror can kneel it down.
    • One more thought that occured to me in this hour of crisis, apart from what I rued about our political system two days ago is this: why should we keep finding fault with only the politicians? Isn't there something wrong with us, the common populace? Aren't we to be equally blamed for the mess? How is it that we find scapegoats in politicians, security forces, and all others except ourselves? What is it that we have done to keep the country safe? Has our behaviour been conducive to the security forces' fight? Shouldn't we do something about it? Shouldn't we be volunteering for military duties or security duties at least for some portion of our lives? Why should we keep on blaming the politicians, instead of just booting the opportunistic lot of them out of power by the power of ballot? Have all those who have been crowing about bad politicians, ever voted? Did they exercise their franchise? Isn't casting a vote the duty of the common man? If you have not liked a politician or political party, did you cast your vote against them? If you have found that no political party is worth your vote, did you take care to ensure that your vote is not cast to anybody by going to the polling booth and not voting for anybody? You could have cancelled your vote, or cast an invalid vote to ensure that rigging is prevented. Without doing any of this, and without even being prepared to sacrifice our lives for the good of the others at large, how far are we reasonable in expecting that the politicians are the villains or that the security forces have not done their job properly?
    • All these are some troubling questions that bothered me at this hour of writing. It is only when we find answers to these questions that we can remain at peace with ourselves and contribute our bit to the country and the world at large.
    • One more troubling thought that crossed my mind is this: Why is it that such terrorist attacks don't happen in Islamic countries? My feeling and answer is that, though the world at large sees them with some scorn for their outdated and worn out legal systems and sense of justice, it is that 'out of fashion' sense of justice of 'an eye for eye' and 'a leg for a leg' (eg., the public stoning of criminals to death, skinning them alive, shooting them in public places etc.,) that acts as a kind of deterrent in the first place. This should not by any means be construed as my support to such practices. This is only an explanation of a situation. And secondly, whatever be the mode (outdated/out of fashion etc.,) of their legal systems, one thing is for sure: they are fast and bring the perpetrators of any crime to justice. They don't waste thier time in some lofty ideals. Look at for example what happened in Indonesia? The perpetrators of the Bali bombing were brought to justice in two years flat. A thing that can perhaps never happen in India in the current circumstances. Why can't we somehow reform our legal system to at least deliver speedy justice?
  • Am I the only one venting out my thoughts and anger?
    • Today's ET op-ed is full with two articles on terrorism.
  • Should India blame Pakistan for the mess?
    • I don't think that is a correct and mature response for the situation. Is the Pakistani government really in control of its country? The plain fact is this: it is NOT. It can't do a damn about what goes on in its north west. It can't control its own ISI and other legal / extra legal outfits without any reasonable amount of certainty. It cannot even control its own army, which calls the shots at any given point in time. All the political parties that come to power in Pakistan vie with each other to stay on the right side of the army. In this kind of situation, will it serve any purpose to blame the Pakistani civilian government? It won't. So the Indian government will do its best by not resorting to any blame game.
    • Instead, what it should do and can do is: while strengthening its borders and taking up all other measures to establish a counter terrorist establishment and infrastructure, it can possibly take the war to the terrorists by mounting more sophisticated technological surveillance to monitor their movements and sinister designs and act on them in time to prevent the recurrence of such events.
    • Just blaming a weak neighbour who doesn't even know what it is living with or what it can and cannot do, will not serve any purpose.
  • How many anti-terror squads India has?
    • In the wake of calls for a specialist national anti-terror organization, it would be interesting to know something about this. Look at this.
Finance & Economy
  • GDP grows at 7.6%
    • This is some cause for cheer in the current situation.
    • With inflation also hovering around 8.84% we should at least breath it easy till the figures for the next two quarters, when growth is expected to take some hit. Why should we temper our cheers with some caution? Look at two strong reasons excerpted for you from today's ET editorial:
      • One, the full impact of the global crisis hit us only after the iconic investment bank Lehman Brothers went into liquidation mid-September. Global liquidity dried up and risk aversion, especially against emerging markets like India, increased dramatically. Hence, going forward, third and fourth quarter numbers are likely to be much less encouraging.
      • Two, with the exception of electricity, gas and water supply, every other sector saw a dip in second-quarter performance, with mining, quarrying and construction and, to a lesser extent community, social and personal services showing a particularly sharp dip. The Sixth Pay Commission largesse may help reverse some of the decline in services in the next quarter. But there is little reason to expect any improvement in the other two sectors, mining and construction. Given that these are labour-intensive sectors, employing large number of unskilled workers, any slowdown here does not auger well from the welfare perspective. Add to that the slowdown in manufacturing, which is also likely to intensify as demand contracts, and the picture looks far bleaker than the latest GDP figures would suggest.
I don't feel like blogging
  • Do you know friends, this feeling is true. As emotions catch up with me reading and catching up with the horror that Mumbai, our financial capital has gone through for the last two days, this is one feeling that somehow I have not been able to shrug off.
  • I am really touched by the words "I don't feel like dancing" coming from Salomi Akshikar, a Jewish girl. I am equally hit by the same leaden mood. Will resume from tomorrow.
  • Let us have a good day, now that Operation Cyclone is over. Let us relax. Shrug it off. And carry on from tomorrow onwards...

28.11.2008

Politics & the Nation

  • The continuing Mumbai seize
    • I am sure all of you have been following the sordid saga through the TV medium. The entire world's attention is now on this still contiuing story.
    • In its lead story ET describes the attack thus:
      • It wasn't an attack on a community or a government. The purpose was not to terrorise the locals. It was an attack on the India story, which is struggling to step out of the shadow of a global slowdown. Specifically looking for and taking holders of British and American passports hostage was perhaps a signal to make India less attractive for tourists and investors.
    • In this hour of crisis, we express our deep sorrow and offer condolences for all those who have suffered pain / loss in this traumatic event. We especially salute all those police, army and other personnel that have laid down their lives.
    • And we hope that Mumbai returns to normalcy from today.
    • I can only reiterate my request to our political class: Please stand united. Don't divide the country in the name of religion, caste, creed or sex. That's what has been proved to be our undoing. This is what has been giving strength to people with nefarious designs on India to succeed in surprising us.
  • As far as opinions are concerned, I cannot but agree with this strong piece from PR Ramesh in today's ET. Read it here.
  • Speaking of unity among the political class, I am left to wonder whether democracy as it exists in India can have a viable alternative?
    • When sections of society feel that their voice is not heard, they resort to seeking an electoral identity with a view to get 'power.' Their aims and goals will revolve around either strengthening or protecting this 'power.' It is in this process that the society gets thoroughly divided and is not able to present a united front against the undesirable / anti-social elements that are able to tap the narrow or parochial considerations for their ulterior purposes. The issue is not just one of presenting a united front against undesirable elements, it is also about establishing and pursuing a coherent policy response on any matter that concerns the country as a whole.
    • Would it not be worthwhile to have a directly elected executive President who in turn will have a Cabinet that comprises of representatives from all sections of the society? These representatives can be elected directly by those various sections through ballot. There is no scope for political parties in such a system. Let the system of politcal parties be given up. Such a set up can possibly present a united front and yet satisfy the political aspirations of various sections of the society.
Finance & Economics
  • The ongoing trauma in Mumbai to hit insurance companies hard?
    • Unlike foreign insurers, who exclude terror risks from their standard property insurance policies, Indian companies cover terrorism. Indian companies are able to provide protection even without reinsurance support because of the creation of a 'terrorism pool' seven years ago. The pool, which initially provided protection up to Rs 200 crore, can now offer cover up to Rs 700 crore as there has hardly been any terror claim.
    • General Insurance is reported to have confirmed that premium collections of over Rs 150 crore are getting added to this pool every year.
  • Housing sector to get a boost
    • THE government is working on a proposal to subsidise housing loans below Rs 10 lakh by asking banks to give loans to individuals and builders at a lower interest rate for five years. Builders will get the loan only for housing projects that are under construction. The government will compensate the banks by providing money from the Union Budget.
  • Effie awards
    • These are the Advertising Club Bombay's annual awards for effectiveness in advertising. Instituted in India for the first time in 2001, they have come a long way over the last eight years.
    • Besides the prestigious Grand Effie, other awards given are — the Agency of the Year Award, the Yahoo! Big Chair, the Marico Uncommon Sense Award and the Brand Equity Bravery Award.
Language lessons
  • We have been learning mostly about English words and phrases under Language lessons, so far. Today, we will learn a bit about economic words and phrases.
    • Black Swans
      • This phrase is coined by Nassim Nicholas Taleb to describe the causes of the current meltdown. According to Wikipedia, the Black Swan theory "refers to events of large consequence" which are "hard-to-predict, and rare — events beyond the realm of normal expectations." According to Lord Meghnad Desai, the current financial turmoil happened when the supposed Black Swan risks (described as highly improbable side-effects) taken by bankers, financers and investors turn into reality.
    • Ninjas
      • It refers to people with "No Income and No Jobs"
    • Fat Tails
      • It is a statistical term that (as opposed to normal distribution) factors in an undesirably high volatility. Analysts are fond of this term too. In layman terms, it implies higher undesirable risk which is almost an improbability in normal circumstances. Don't ask me what is normal distribution; do you? Just follow this link.
Obituary
  • VP Singh
    • Though he is known for his personal integrity and moral rectitude, his contribuitons evoke lot of mixed reactions. Take a look at this piece. After all, you may need to pen or mouth a sentence or two when you are asked to do so about your departed leaders.

27.11.2008

Politics & the Nation

  • Mumbai under seize by terrorists
    • As at the time of writing this is still a developing situation.
    • An attack on the city with bombs and indiscriminate gunfire by terrorists that saw the ATS (Anti Terrorist Squad) Chief of Mumbai killed along with another IPS officer of the 1989 batch sent shock waves throughout the country. So far, more than 100 people are reported killed and about 200 or so injured.
    • A little known outfit called Deccan Mujahideen claimed responsibility.
    • The militants struck in about a dozen areas including Mumbai's landmarks like the CST railway station and Oberoi and Taj hotels. Several people (about 40) appear to have been taken hostage by the terrorists. The Army has been called out. The NSG is sent to Mumbai.
    • This attack comes as a shock, even as political parties keep arguing whether tough laws are needed to tackle terrorism.
    • Unless India's political class develops a sense of bipartisanship to tackle issues like terrorism, there appears to be little hope. Now we will go through the charade of opposition leaders calling on the PM, the PM calling on all concerned in the nation to exercise restraint & calm amid the same and boring utterances that nothing will be left unturned to bring the perpetrators to justice. Only to wait for another attack somewhere, sometime. Why do our investigative processes and the judicial system take so long to bring law breakers to justice? Why can't our political parties agree to speed up investigations and judiciary act with speed to decide criminal cases? Why is that we, as a nation, are failing even after 60 years of independence to bring this about? How many more of us have to die before we can set things right? Pardon me, if I look/read like an average citizen writing with angst. I am after all one.
    • We need to learn from Barack Obama. He seems to have learnt a lot about bipartisanship and appears implementing it with lot of gusto. Will our political class rise up to the occassion?
  • One more call on our politicians to decisively act
    • In a very good article TT Ram Mohan argues that the present financial crisis is an opportunity for the country to spruce up its act on infrastructure creation. Not by giving soft loans to the private sector to make infrastructure investments. But by the government itself taking up the initiative; as this will create all the jobs that are needed to see us through the ill-effects of the present financial crisis.
    • I second this opinion. Targets contemplated under the FRBM Act can wait. If the government imporves the infrastructure spending on its own that will result in job creation, improve the infrastructure and generate demand. This will enable the country ward off a recession and perk up growth. As we have very less scope on improving our export performance (as demand contraction in our importing countries is biting us), this appears a welcome idea.
Finance & Economy
  • American nuke business people to come calling on India for business
    • The United States is dispatching its largest ever trade mission of commercial nuclear businessmen to India early next week to make a pitch for multi-billion dollar sales of reactors to New Delhi.
    • Following the signing of the 123 Agreement between the two countries the US businessmen are exploring the possibility of winning at least two contracts for establishing nuclear power plants in India. India plans to import eight 1000 MW nuclear power plants by 2012.
    • At the moment it looks as though the US needs to bag the contracts much more than India needs the US supplies. With the US economy in recession, these contracts are very badly needed by it for creating jobs and perking up the business outlook.
  • Global trade is slowing
    • Latest trade figures from Japan and Germany show that their exports shrank.
    • The World Bank expects global trade to decline by 2.5% in 2009, the first drop since 1982.
    • The World Trade Organisation estimates that there is currently excess demand in the trade finance (loans directly given to cross-border transactions) market of up to $25 billion. What this shows is that bankers are refusing to lend money to trade finance.
  • What are PIPE deals?
    • It stands for Private Investments in Public Equity. What this means is that usually large investors are approached by the managment of a publicly listed company for capital infusion. This happens only after the investor is given an opportunity of carrying out due diligence.
    • It is possible that PIPE deals can be equated with insider trading. India lacks proper regulations concerning PIPE deals.
Agriculture
  • Global meet on conservation agriculture
    • Aimed at addressing innovations in agriculture for realising improved efficiency, equity and environment, the 4th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture would be held in New Delhi from 4th to 7th February.
    • The Congress will share the knowledge to conserve and judiciously use precious natural resources for overcoming the global food crisis and alleviating poverty.
International
  • Trouble in Thailand
    • PAD - People's Alliance for Democracy, had been campaigning for the last six months for the ouster of Thailand's Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat. PAD accuses him of being a pawn of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a 2006 coup and lives in exile.
    • Fresh elections at the end of 2007 installed a party made up of former allies of Mr Thaksin come to power.
    • The seize of the Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi airport by the protestors, the shootings by the PAD supporters at random during the last two days, the failure of the law and order machinery -- police preferred to avoid a showdown with the protestors -- and the unwillingness of the military to step in to restore order, have all contributed to the chaos that rules there currently.
    • Gen Anupong, the Army Chief had advised the PM to call for polls. But the PM refused saying that his government is legitimately elected. Even as rumours are rife that the military may stage yet another coup, the army chief denied that was his plan, saying the government still had "full authority".
  • Greenland votes for autonomy
    • Greenland, the world's largest island and former province of Denmark, gained the status of an autonomous Danish dependent territory with limited self-government as well as its own parliament in 1979.
    • Denmark is in charge of foreign affairs and defence policy and contributes two thirds of its budget revenue, the rest coming mainly from fishing. It has a population of just 57,000 people - mostly Inuits (Eskimos).
    • In a just concluded referendum, over 75% of voters had supported the plan, which would see Greenland take a greater share of its annual oil revenues. It will also take control of police, courts and coast guard, and have some say in foreign policy.
    • It is widely expected that this referendum will ultimately pave way for its total independence from Denmark.

26.11.2008

Finance & Economy

  • Branch licensing to be done away with?
    • The Finance Ministry appears set to take up the issue with the RBI.
    • The argument in favour of the de-licensing is to do with the total number of branches available in the country at present. There are reportedly only 76,000 bank branches in the country to serve a population of 110 crores.
    • Hence it is felt that instead of waiting for reciprocity from foreign banks, all banks - foreign ones and ours alike - should be allowed to open as many branches as they deem fit.
    • A number of committees favoured branch de-licensing. The Raghuram Rajan committee has recommended a new system wherein banks would be asked to open a proportionate number of accounts in low income areas vis-a-vis high income localities, to ensure that banks give proper attention to areas with less banking penetration.
    • This graphic gives us details of bank branch penetration in India.
  • How do tax cuts (read fiscal policy or fiscal stimulus) help improve demand in the economy?
    • In normal circumstances, when income tax is reduced, disposable incomes would go up while cuts in indirect taxes (sales tax and excise) would get more goods because of a drop in prices, if reductions are passed on.
    • But tax cuts do not necessarily help in a situation where wealth destruction is prevalent; as for example the present times. Most direct tax cuts are likely to be used to repay debt, as was the case with the $100 billion tax rebates in the US. Cash-stressed corporates would, on the other hand, retain the reductions in indirect taxes as profits and not necessarily pass on the same to consumers through price cuts. Therefore, tax cuts look unlikely to cause consumer spending to go up commensurately.
  • Will India be seeing job losses in the present scenario?
    • This is an excellent debate from two experts on the job scene. A worthy read. I can't help but excerpt an excellent piece of advice from Manish Sabharwal in this context:
      • 93% of India's labour force toils in the unorganised sector where social security, job security and workplace safety are distant dreams and job adjustments are everyday reality. Economic reforms have demonstrated that economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition for poverty reduction. Poverty reduction comes from access. And access comes from the 3Es (education, employability and employment). This crisis is an opportunity for policymakers to review our 3E regime and fix an education system that produces unemployable people and a labour regime that breeds unorganised employment.
  • Now that every other country in the world is slipping into recession, what should companies typically do, to stay afloat in such times? If you are asked to state a few measures that you would initiate to ensure your company stays afloat, what would your response look like? Will it have any of these recommendations?
  • The problem of policy lapses in the insurance industry.
    • Do you know that the industry is seeing record policy lapses currently? Mis-selling, change in economic situation of the policy holder and the insurance agents' prodding to junk old policies in favour of new are touted as the major reasons.
    • The insurance industry has reporteldly paid out over Rs 20,000 crore in insurance commissions on new policies last year.
  • How do currency derivatives bring more advantages to currency trading?
    • Currency derivatives differ from OTC (over the counter) as they help improve the efficiency of price discovery, attracting heterogeneous participants.
    • Secondly, by virtue of scale of participation and its cost structures, the transaction cost in futures is usually much lesser than that of OTC alternatives.
    • Thirdly, compared to OTC, futures offer more price transparency, fully eliminating the counterparty risks and reach out to a larger section of population leveraging technology.
    • It is interesting to know that the daily transacted volume of forex in India is estimated at $34 billion. All of it in the OTC market. That is, it is not traded on the exchanges. Transactions are done directly between parties.
Technology & Computing
  • Look at what IBM is researching into or predicting what the future would look like!
    • Internet can be surfed by voice. Not through a keyboard or mouse.
    • Medical treatment will be based on your genetic make up; just for $100.
    • Thin-film solar cells which are 100 times thinner than silicon wafer cells. They are cost-efficient and can be printed on a flexible backing, on the sides of buildings, tinted windows, cell phones, laptops, cars and even clothing.
    • See the power of imagination! I am really amazed.
Infrastructure
Agriculture
  • Why are salt tolerant crops needed?
    • According to the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) at Karnal (Haryana), 6.7 million hectares (mostly in Gujarat) of farmland in the country has been affected by salinity ingress. This is detrimental to crops.
    • Farmers can now look forward to salt-tolerant transgenic crops. The Bhavnagar based Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI) is developing "salt-tolerant" varieties of crops like groundnut, tobacco, cumin and banana.
    • Though three generations of the crop have been successfully grown in the laboratory, it will take 2-3 more years before the new variants of groundnut and tobacco are available commercially.
International
  • US Federal reserve announces a new $800 bn package
    • The aim of the two new schemes announced is to unfreeze credit for homebuyers, consumers and small businesses, committing up to $800 billion.
    • The central bank will purchase as much as $600 billion in debt issued or backed by government-chartered housing finance companies. It will set up a $200-billion programme to support consumer and small-business loans.

25.11.2008

Finance & Economics

  • Banks reduce deposit rates on bulk deposits
    • At a time when the world is grappling with a liquidity crisis, India appears to be experiencing a reverse trend. Wasn't till the other day that the FM and the PM were seen exhorting the bankers to keep lending and a slew of measures were announced to boost liquidity in the system? Why is that suddenly the scenario has changed and we see banks going to the extent of cutting deposit rates, which signals an excess liquidity in the system?
    • The answer lies in the slow credit offtake. Loans, which were rising sharply at nearly Rs 33,000 crore a fortnight until early October 2008, have slowed down to around Rs 14,000 crore in the past two fortnights.
  • Is the Federal Reserve doing it right?
    • We learned from conventional text books that printing money to finance your deficits is bad.
    • With the US Fed reportedly set to lend/guarantee more than $7.4 trillion to rescue the financial system, I think the time has come for us to revisit the conventional wisdom. Where is it finding that much of money from? If it is only in guarantees and that no actual outflow of funds is involved, what would happen if it has to face the claims in reality? Would it go back on the guarantees or would it print money? Where would printing that much of money take the value of the dollar to?
    • Very worrying question; isn't it?
    • Let us remember that this kind of money is about 50% of its GDP. No small change.
    • At first these figures appeared unbelievable. But once you read this Bloomberg report, you will surely be shocked.
  • World markets welcome Citigroup bail out?
    • All the world markets appear to have given a vote of confidence for the Citigroup bail out (more on it below); but I would prefer to wait and watch which way this bailout works in the months to come.
International
  • US unveils a Citigroup rescue act
    • As per the rescue plan, the treasury would invest $20 billion in Citigroup from the Troubled Asset Relief Programme in exchange for preferred stock.
    • Besides, the Treasury and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) would provide protection against $306 billion of toxic loans and securities backed by residential and commercial real estate and other such assets, which will remain on Citigroup's balance sheet.
    • Citi is fighting to stay away from the list of failed banks in the US. It is reported that 22 banks have collapsed in the US this year so far.
    • With this bail out the US government's guarantees to its banking system have crossed the $1.4 trillion mark.
  • Credit squeezes Dubai
    • This emirate, one of the seven in the UAE federation, with barely any oil to call its own, made its bid for fame by housing banks, retail, media, shipping and logistics enterprises and by billing itself as a safe haven in a volatile region for investors.
    • Now with the global financial crisis resulting in a credit squeeze, its breakneck building boom stalled, its lending bonanza evaporated and the government pondered wider steps to rescue banks.
    • Lenders blinded by rising oil prices and borrowers spellbound by easy returns have helped build a mountain of private sector debt that has generated an illusion of excess and abundance. Now investors fear that individuals and corporations alike will have trouble paying back Dubai's non-bank foreign currency debt estimated at just under $70 billion.
    • Many had hoped that the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) would escape the crisis due to their massive current account surpluses from energy exports. With these surpluses quickly evapourating from the fall in the crude price, Dubai which is dependent heavily on the investments from the surpluses from GCC, Iran and Russia is looking extremely vulnerable.
    • The government has already pumped in $19 bn dollars into the banking system; and is willing to pump more if the need arises.
Technology & Computing
  • Graphene memory
    • Research into finding new memories which can store more and more of data with less and less of moving parts has just crossed one more milestone with the successful testing of Graphene memory.
    • Researchers said the conducting properties of graphene (a form of graphite) would have many advantages over today's state-of-the-art flash memory and other new technologies. Graphene memory increases the amount of storage, consumes far less power, generates less heat and is highly heat resistant.
  • Water mill
    • We have heard of wind mills. Now is time for water mills.
    • A gadget that uses the same technology as a de-humidifier, and creates a ready supply of drinking water by capturing it from the air, has been developed by a Canadian firm Element Four.
    • Costing about 800 pounds, the gadget can produce about 12 litres of water a day.

24.11.2008

Finance & Economics

  • Big boost for infrastructure
    • THE government is planning to set up a special dedicated fund to provide loans to infrastructure projects — roads, airports, power plants and ports — being developed by private companies as well as by government-private joint ventures. The proposed fund is expected to have a corpus of around Rs 50,000 crore.
    • The proposed fund may be operated through either of the two infrastructure funding agencies — IDFC or the India Infrastructure Finance Company (IIFCL).
    • The country needs more than $500 billion over the next four years to widen existing roads and highways, to modernise 35 non-metro airports, to lay new rails and to provide electricity to all rural households.
    • The government's ambitious target is to step up investments in infrastructure to 9-11% of the country's gross domestic product from 5% in 2006-07.
    • Take a look at this graphic. It gives a bird's eye view of the funding needs.
  • FDI in investment companies to be allowed?
    • The government is likely to allow foreign direct investment (FDI) in 'investment companies'. The finance ministry and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) feel that foreign investment should be allowed in investment companies, since they are similar to holding companies.
    • What are investment companies? Companies wherein the investment would be used for investment in businesses other than its own.
    • At present investment companies do not figure in the list of 18 NBFC (Non Banking Finance Companies) activities in which foreign investment is allowed. Hence the need for policy.
  • The low P/E ratios of many a stock in the market today should make it worthwhile for making invetments; isn't it?
    • NO; if you look at how the havoc caused by the wealth destruction in the stock markets is going to roll out in the near to mid term.
    • This is one ET editorial that explains the phenomenon very brilliantly and cautions us that lower valuations need not necessarily mean good investment opportunity in the current situation.
    • Read it in full here.
  • An innovative idea from Jagdish Khattar for voluntary phasing out of old cars
    • We all know that exchanging old cars for new is there in our markets and has been operational for quite some time. Any number of statutory measures kept in place have not ensured that old vehicles are scrapped. Old vehicles, as we all can imagine cause more pollution, run on out-dated technologies and are less fuel efficient. So what is his 'innovative' idea?
    • The idea is that the manufacturer and the government work together by the former offering to cut prices and the government agreeing to forgo the excise for old cars to be scrapped and are exchanged for new ones. The package would be restricted only to the exchange of near-scrap vehicles that are at least 15 years old. This would be improving the quality of vehicles on the road on a voluntary basis and not through legal measures as is done in the developed world.
    • Any takers for it in the government?
  • Why is the India story intact?
    • In a very good op-ed article Samir Arora raises some pertinent questions and lampoons the bearish outlook on India growth story. I found it really good and made some excerpts for you in Discover It. Read it here.
Technology
  • Gandhian Engineering (aka frugal engineering)
    • This phrase has gained currency ever since Tatas have come up with the Nano. It is used to describe the engineering feat that combines irreverence for conventional ways of thinking with a frugality born of scarcity.
    • Some of the characteristics of Nano that made this phrase appear include:
      • No power steering, no power windows, no air-conditioning and one windshield wiper instead of two.
      • The car lacks even a tachometer and uses an analog rather than digital speedometer.
      • It has no actuators in the headlights. They are the levelers that adjust the angle of the beam depending on how the car is loaded.
      • The steering wheel of the car is a hollow tube instead of the usual solid wheel.
    • People are expecting that just as Kanban and Kaizen were contributed by the Japanese to the manufacturing sector, Gandhian engineering would be India's contribution.
International
  • APEC summit at Lima, Peru
    • In a joint statement issued at the end of the summit, the leader pledged to take the stalled WTO talks forward.
    • Will intent be translated into action? This what will be watched keenly.
Sport
  • India wins the Hero Honda cup
    • India won the fourth one-dayer against England by 19 runs in Bangalore under the Duckworth-Lewis method on Sunday to take an unbeatable 4-0 lead in the seven-match series.
Language lesson
  • gravy train
    • Noun: Income obtained with a minimum of effort
    • eg: The gravy train will then move on to sundry departmental undertakings and autonomous institutions, colleges, schools and so on.

23.11.2008

Finance & Economics

  • NELP VII round contracts awarded
    • The government awarded 44 oil and gas exploration blocks, with the maximum going to ONGC and its partners and first timers BHP Billiton-GVK Power, to attract $1.5 billion investment.
    • Of the 45 blocks that received bids, only Cairn Energy's sole bid for deep water block off the Mumbai coast was not awarded.
    • NELP VIII is expected to be annonced in February 2009.
  • India Turkey begin FTA talks
    • Seeking to upgrade relations to a new level, India and Turkey on Friday decided to start talks for a free trade accord, double bilateral trade to six billion dollars by 2010 and deepen cooperation in counter-terrorism.
    • This was announced during the current visit of the visiting Turkish Premier Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
  • Warren Buffet losing touch?
    • Going by the way investors are getting our of Berkshire Hathaway Inc, the company managed by Warren Buffet, one is sure to get this kind of doubt.
    • Can you imagine the share price of this company? Its Class A share quoted a high of $1,51,650 in December last. But now it is going for around $74,100.
  • Citigroup being troubled, JPMorgan Chase being closely watched
    • It is reportedly in talks with the US government for a bail out. Its CEO Vikram Pandit's job may be on the line.
    • But what are its troubles? Depositors and derivatives clients are reportedly fleeing the bank. The cost of protecting Citi's debt against default rose on Friday, but is still low enough to imply that investors are not worried about the bank making good on its obligations. Much more than what is wrong internally with it, it appears that the negative investor and stakeholder sentiment is what appears to be hurting it.
    • Get feel of the size of Citi. It has assets of over $2 trillion. In contrast, India's GDP is about $800 bn to $1 trillion (varying according to the dollar value.)
International
  • Florida boy's suicide live on web
    • I was aghast, am sure you will all be, on reading about a Florida boy (Abraham Biggs) who committed suicide while streaming it live on the web through his blog.
    • What is repulsive in the whole episode is that it was watched live by a number of people - some dissuading him, some encouraging him and some remaining in disbelief.
    • Incidents like these coupled with the various other misuses that the web is put to - pornography, crime, terrorism, financial embezzlement etc., - stun us into wondering whether or not mankind has invented something that is increasingly behaving like a Frankenstein.
    • Why can't the technology wizards of world come up with a solution for a more meaningful regulation and oversight of the web?
  • Zimbabwe health crisis: over 294 killed by cholera
    • Zimbabwean health care system is reportedly in tatters. Their sanitation systems also are reportedly in very worse condition. Because of this the country is paying a huge price in human lives.
    • WHO reports that over 294 people died of cholera outbreak and that about 6,072 cases of cholera are reported.
    • Do we need terrorists and wars to kill people? Would it not perhaps make sense to all the world leaders to pour their billions of dollars into education and health for a couple of years, declaring a moratorium on military spending?
    • Even in our country, the secenario on sanitation doesn't look encouraging. It is said that at any given time more than half the hospital beds in the entire country are occupied by patients of water borne diseases.
  • Al Qaeda targets Barack Obama; denounced by American Muslim clerics
    • In an audio message on the Internet, Al Qaeda compared Obama unfavourably to Malcolm X. The American Muslim clerics promptly came out in support of Obama and denounced the message attributed to Al Qaeda.
    • But who is Malcolm X?
      • He is the fiery African-American Muslim activist from the 1950s and 1960s, who was an early member and leader of the Nation of Islam. He left that group in 1963 over disillusionment with its then-leader, Elijah Muhammed, but remained a Muslim.

      • After months of death threats, he was assassinated in 1965 by members of the Nation of Islam who shot him 16 times at close range.

Governance
  • On toilets and their availability
    • Of the 2.5 billion people in the world who lack access to proper toilet facilities, India has the dubious distinction of accounting for 100 million. If we include the number who don't have a toilet in their house, that number goes up to 360 million.
    • The Planning Commission estimates we will need to build 112,300 toilets every day if we are to attain the Millennium Development Goal to end the scourge of open defecation by 2012. Part of the reason for this abysmal state of affairs is, as always in India, poor delivery; another is lack of awareness of the ill-effects of poor sanitation and hence societal reluctance to change toileting habits.
Science & Technology
  • International Space Station (ISS) marks 10th anniversary
    • It is now 10 years since the ISS has been put in place. Two of the developments that are worth our attention in this regard:
    • The space station is being expanded. The additions include -- a freezer, an oven for scientific experiments, two new sleeping quarters, exercise equipment and a second toilet.
    • It will also be set up with a $250 mn urine recycling machine which will obviate the need for ferrying large amounts of water from Earth. Every year about 6.8 tons of waste water is produced on the station. Now with recycling all of it can be used as drinking water.
Culture
  • 39th International Film Festival of India
    • The festival got off to a colourful start at Panaji on Saturday with more than 100 films from over 40 countries expected to be showcased during the ten-day extravaganza, dedicated to the celluloid world.
    • 'The Warlords', a Chinese flick by filmmaker Peter Chan opened the festival, while the Iranian film 'The song of the sparrows' directed by Majid Majidi will be the closing film.
    • IFFI 2008 will have a special tribute to Iranian filmmaker Niki Karimi.
    • Indian Panorama will have 47 Indian films including 26 feature films and 21 non feature films.
    • Indian film veterans Dilip Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, B Saroja Devi and Tapan Sinha would be conferred lifetime achievement award constituted by Government of India to commemorate 60th year of India's independence during the festival.
Language lessons
  • festoon
    • verb: Decorate with strings of flowers
    • eg: A place that is covered in graffiti and festooned with rubbish makes people feel uneasy.
  • squeamish
    • adjective: Excessively fastidious and easily disgusted
    • eg: "so squeamish he would only touch the toilet handle with his elbow"
  • shrinking violet
    • It was a learning experience seeing this phrase in this sentence: "Mrs G herself was no shrinking violet."
    • Who is a shrinking violet?
      • Noun:someone who shrinks from familiarity with others
      • shy person
      • coward - a person who shows fear or timidity
      • wallflower - remains on sidelines at social event

22.11.2008

Finance & Economy

  • Now it's the turn of Citibank
    • Amid reports that Citibank has handed over pink slips to 37 of its top performers in India, the outlook for the bank appears to be bleak. The bank is looking at all options, including selling parts of the company or a merger with another firm. It has lost about 80% of its market capitalization in the last one year on Wall Street.
    • Investors are worried that further losses could threaten the bank's future. Saudi Prince Al-Waleed Bin Talal's decision to buy about $350m (£236m) of its shares on Thursday did not calm investors' nerves.
    • Citigroup has lost more than $20bn in the past year because of the global financial crisis. The bank has reported four straight quarterly losses and some analysts believe the bank will not return to profitability until 2010.
    • Citigroup is one of nine financial institutions receiving funds from the US government's bail-out programme.
  • Good editorial comment in the context of private petroleum companies' contemplation to return to petro retailing:
    • Given the huge volumes in oil, we surely need competitive, market-determined prices for petro-products as a matter of routine, and not merely as and when global crude prices soften. So now is the time for the Centre to firm up long overdue reforms in the oil sector and depoliticise oil pricing. What is required is doing away with the perverse system of administered prices — with its open-ended subsidies and giveaways — on petro-goods such as diesel and petrol, and cooking gas and kerosene.
    • The point is that oil products are largely and overwhelmingly used by the non-poor and their retail prices do need to reflect scarcity value. Instead, the extant policy has been to generally disallow price revision — shoring prices of crude notwithstanding — and offer bonds to public sector oilcos as IOUs. But since the oil bonds would necessarily need to be redeemed from the general budget, it means diverting scarce funds meant for social development and the like. It makes no sense to fritter away resources in consumption subsidies: it would only rev up oil guzzling. The way ahead is for the Centre to drive home the message that reckless oil subsidies are doing long-term damage to the fisc and compromising our oil security as well, by adversely stultifying returns for the oilcos. Given the huge under-recoveries — and the declining rupee — there may be no case yet to lower domestic oil prices. But once oilcos begin posting reasonable margins, oil prices need to be decontrolled. This is the best time to do it as global oil prices are expected to move in a much narrower range for at least a year or two, thus providing some stability to oil company balance sheets.
  • Does India stand a chance as a global aerospace power?
    • Ian Thomas, President of Boeing India feels so. Do read his piece that appeared in today's ET. You will be convinced. But India has to fight its way there. It won't happen just like that, he warns.
  • National Treasury Management Agency taking shape?
    • Following the announcement made in this year's budget, the government appears to have done the spade work for establishing the NTMA.
    • This is one news report that you should read in full. No excerpt is possible.
    • I will leave you with a question. What is the conflict of interest that RBI faces in managing government's debt?
  • Why would Japan be interested in making India a hub of its investments?
    • There is a marked surge in Japan Inc's interest in India. Many believe that it may just be a precursor of a wave of big-ticket Japanese investments in export-oriented manufacturing in the country. This article argues that this is consistent with Japan's geopolitical strategy to limit exposure to China.
Technology & Computing
  • Know what is touted as the successor to 3G?
    • Long Term Evolution - LTE. It is the natural evolution of 3GPP GSM and WCDMA networks. It is also an evolution candidate for 3GPP2 CDMA networks. LTE is a new paradigm in access, with a new modulation technique, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex), and antenna technology, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output).
    • OFDM splits the information into multiple narrowband subcarriers, allowing each of them to carry a portion of the information at a lower bit rate, which makes OFDM a very robust modulation, particularly in multipath scenarios, like urban areas.
    • MIMO technology creates several spatial paths on the air interface between the network and the subscriber; so these paths can carry the same or different streams of information, allows an increase in either the coverage (due to higher Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver) or the user data throughput.
    • Umm. Too technical? Just remember that it offers improved modulation and antenna technology.
International
  • Hillary Clinton to be Obama's Secretary of State?
    • It is true that Hillary met Obama and discussed about a possible position in the Obama administration, a week or so ago. Now the media is rife with rumours that she will be announced as the Secretary of State following clarity about dealing with her husband's business deals. The process had been complicated by concerns that Bill Clinton's private business dealings with foreign governments and companies could create conflicts for his wife. If everything goes as reported the announcement is to be made on November 27.
  • Angola-gate scandal
    • The scandal is about illegal arms sales to Angola worth US$790m in 1993-2000, during that country’s civil war, by a French businessman, Pierre Falcone, and his Russian-born associate, Arcady Gaydamak, in which numerous French and Angolan officials allegedly received pay-offs and gifts worth US$56m. Both Mr Falcone and Mr Gaydamak deny any wrongdoing.
    • Investigations have been going on for the past 7 years.
    • While Mr. Falcone is already in prison, though for unrelated charges, the progress made by the French judiciary in the case is causing lot of embarassment and headache for the French President. Besides, the revelations coming out of the inestigative process are threatening French business interests in Angola, which is Africa's largest oil producing country.
    • What does Bofors look like before this?
  • American troops to withdraw from Iraq by 2011?
    • As the U.N. resolution mandate for US to operate in Iraq is expiring by the year end, Iraqi government and the US had to negotiate an agreement for US troops's orderly pull out from Iraq.
    • Iraqi government has approved a "withdrawal agreement" according to which the American forces have to pull out of Iraqi towns and cities by the end of June next year, and to leave Iraq altogether by December 31st 2011.
    • The agreement has been negotiated for the past one year. Many in Iraq and neighbouring Iran want a faster American troop withdrawal.
    • The American President-elect Barack Obama has actually promised a 16-month deadline for withdrawal of troops during his election campaign.
    • But Iraqis have started protesting against the agreement. Thousands of people -- most of whom are backers of anti-American Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr -- streamed into Baghdad's Firdous Square waving Iraqi flags, hoisting posters with portraits of the cleric and carrying signs scorning the agreement.
Entertainment industry
  • Madonna's divorce
    • It really saddens me no end that Madonna's marriage with Guy Ritchie should come to an end. In the entertainment industry it is very rare for people to find partners who are a good match -- not just in terms of looks, age or money; but in terms of 'capability' or being at a 'comparable' level. Their marriage is one such that looked perfect. Alas it is also coming to end with their filing for divorce.
    • Let us hope that both of them will be able to live through this ordeal and get on with their lives well.
    • I am a fan of Madonna -- a fan for all that she embodies. The music, the renegade behaviour in her early days, the looks, the ability to stay fit in spite of advancing age, the spiritual outlook, the broad-mindedness that she possesses (look at the way she adopted children from Africa?) and the works. Parkour included. Remember the game? She popularized it in one of her songs.
Language lesson
  • Stultify (verb)
    • Prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence
      "nobody is legally allowed to stultify himself"
    • Cause to appear foolish
      "He stultified himself by contradicting himself and being inconsistent"
    • Deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless
      "Their behaviour stultified the boss's hard work"

21.11.2008

Finance & Economy

  • Government to ease borrowing norms for infrastructure companies in international markets
    • At present the government has prescribed a cap of 300 basis points (bps) over Libor (the rate at which banks borrow from each other in the London inter-bank market) for a loan to be repaid in three to five years and 500 bps above Libor for loans of five years and above. Now, companies can raise up to $500 million overseas for spending abroad or within India without seeking RBI's approval.
    • The government is contemplating easing these norms with a view to help the infrastructure companies raise debt abroad.
    • On October 22, RBI had allowed Indian corporates to borrow up to $500 million in a financial year for rupee expenditure or foreign currency expenditure. Minimum average maturity period of seven years for ECBs of more than $100 million for rupee capital expenditure by borrowers in the infrastructure sector was also removed. Not only this, the government has substantially revised overall cap on overseas borrowing cap in the current fiscal to $35 billion from $22 billion in 2007- 08, which will give flexibility to domestic corporates to raise debt abroad.
    • Overall external commercial borrowings (ECBs) in the first half of the current fiscal (April-September, 2008) stood at $10.96 billion, which is lower than $15.62 billion raised in the same period in the previous fiscal. According to the preliminary data, the ECB raised in October amounted to $1 billion, as against $3.6 billion in October, 2007.
  • The US appears to be battling deflation!!
    • Used as we are, to high rates of inflation in the best of times and the worst, it comes as a surprise that the US should see deflation (i.e., prolonged declines in prices) as a problem. But then why does it feel so?
    • Deflation hurts the economy by making debts harder to pay off and lenders more reluctant to extend credit. Japan is the only major economy to have suffered the phenomenon in modern times.
  • All papers are saying that the US is in recession and that at least till Q3 2009, it will remain in recession. How do people make such assertions?
    • They basically look at what is called the leading indicators index. The index points to the direction of the economy over the next three to six months.
    • This index fell in October for the third time in four months as stocks and consumer confidence plunged, signalling a deepening recession.
  • Basel norms to be tightened further?
    • The Basel Committee, a forum that coordinates banking supervision among central banks, announced plans on Wednesday to strengthen capital buffers and limit leverage to address the lessons of the financial crisis. The committee is headed by Dutch Central Bank Governor Nout Wellink.
    • The committee plans to issue concrete proposals for public consultation in early 2009.
  • Even relatively good news on inflation front did not help the sensex
    • The sensex tumbled to 8,451.01, a level last seen in November 2005. This in spite of good news that inflation has eased to 8.90%. Crude fell below the $50 per barrel mark.
Personalities
  • Who is the Director General of NCAER? National Council of Applied Economic Research.
    • Suman Berry
  • Who is Russia's Central Bank chief? Counterpart to our RBI Governor?
    • Sergei Ignatiev
  • Who is Miriam Makeba?
    • Miriam “Zenzi” Makeba, was a voice against apartheid. She died on November 10th, aged 76.
  • Arun Sarin
    • I know most of you don't need any introduction to him. The ex-CEO of Vodafone.
    • Take a look at how he re-charges himself before embarking on something big. A worthy read. Inspiring.
Governance
  • Central PSU staff get pay bonanza
    • The Union Cabinet approved uniform fitment of 30 percent of basic pay plus dearness allowance for profit making PSUs with effect from 1st January, 2007. While the pay revision will be implemented from January 2007, the new allowances would accrue to employees only after the decision is notified by individual units.
    • The pay raise follows the acceptance of the MJ Rao committee's recommendations.
    • BTW do you know how many Central PSUs are there in the country? How many employees are there working for these companies?
      • There are 247 CPSEs, of which 216 are in operation.
      • In all 16,14,000 are employed in these, of which 12,36,000 are unionised workmen who negotiate their wages directly with their respective companies.
      • It is for the remaining 1,20,000 non-unionised supervisory staff and 2,58,000 board level officers that these pay scales apply.
Science & Technology
  • Look at how Internet is headed for its own evolution
    • Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), which is designed based on protocols developed 10 years ago jointly by NASA and Vint Cerf (presently a Vice President at Google and the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocol based on which the present Internet works) is going to be the future Internet -- possibly an inter-galactic or inter-planetary Internet.
    • Unlike TCP/IP on Earth, the DTN does not assume a continuous end-to-end connection. In its design, if a destination path cannot be found, the data packets are not discarded. Instead, each network node keeps the information as long as necessary until it can communicate safely with another node.
Neighbours
  • Sittwe port in Myanmar to link North East with the Indian mainland
    • With Bangladesh continuing to deny India access to its landlocked North East through its Chittagong port, India was forced to look at alternatives. One that emerged is the Sittwe port in Myanmar, which can provide the link through Myanmar territory.
    • From Sittwe, the Kaladan River will be made navigable for 225 km, up to Kaletwa (Myanmar). From there, a 62-km highway will take the traffic to the India-Myanmar border in Mizoram. A road from the border will link the project to India's National Highway-54. The sea distance between Kolkata and Sittwe is about 540 km.
    • India is financing the entire $103 million project.

Sport
  • Cricket - India wins the Kanpur ODI
    • India beat England by 16 runs as per the Duckworth-Lewis method in the third cricket one-dayer to take a 3-0 lead in the seven-match series at Green Park stadium in Kanpur yesterday.
      Chasing 241 to win, India were 198 for five in 40 overs when bad light stopped play and the hosts emerged winners on the basis of Duckworth-Lewis calculations.
Language lessons
  • Oxymoron
    • Noun: Conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')
    • An example that I found in today's ET: As the slowdown gathers steam, the clamour from various sectors of the economy for bailouts is gathering momentum.

20.11.2008

Finance & Economy

  • Our stock markets may fall yet again today
    • On the back of a record low registered by the Dow in five years (it has slipped below 8000 yesterday) and the weak openings seen in Japan, Korea, Australia & Shanghai today, we may also witness more bloodbath in the stock markets today.
  • Interest rate futures to make a come back in January?
    • These instruments were first introduced in 2003. The central bank had then introduced interest rate futures based on two underlyings, a notional 10-year zero coupon bond and a notional 90-day treasury bill, and were traded over the counter. However, due to wide price disparity between the spot and the futures market, it did not take off.
    • Interest rate futures are contracts that have interest-bearing instruments like treasury bills as underlying assets. According to Bank for International Settlements (BIS) — an international organisation of central banks — the size of interest rate contracts globally is pegged at more than $45 trillion.
    • Market participants feel that the interest rate futures market would actually help the spot market as the introduction of such contracts leads to better discovery of interest rates, not only for market players but also for other corporates that have interest-rate risks.
  • Sovereign Wealth Funds set to lose their sheen?
    • In the wake of their investments' valuations hurtling down the hill in recent months, SWFs appear to have become cautious.
    • Currently sovereign wealth funds are estimated to be managing about $3 trillion funds which are expected to grow over the next several years.
    • Estimates from Morgan Stanley put that global SWF assets will grow to $10 trillion by 2015, down from their previous projection of $12 trillion.
    • Merrill Lynch, taking into account slower rates of transfer of funds from central banks to SWFs, expects total assets to hit $5 trillion by 2012, instead of by 2011 previously forecast.
  • Take a look at two of the legal entitlements that employees have in India and why companies try to avoid giving them:
    • Many small scale units deliberately keep the number of employees below 20 to bypass the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
    • Also, many units maintain the workforce below 100 to prevent the applicability of Chapter VB of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (ID Act).
      • The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 came into existence in April 1947. It was enacted to make provisions for investigation and settlement of industrial disputes and for providing certain safeguards to the workers.
      • This piece of legislation is considered archaic by the industry and once an industry is established in India, it reportedly takes about 10 years to close it down. Captains of industry have been demanding that this act has to be amended to make it more investment/entrepreneur friendly.
  • What is Ricardian equivalence?
    • Ricardian equivalence, is an economic theory which suggests that it does not matter whether a government finances its spending with debt or a tax increase, the total level of demand in an economy will be the same. It was proposed, and then rejected, by the 19th century economist David Ricardo.
    • Why should we know about it now? To get a feel of how theory can relate to practice. Take a look at this:
      • Germany is perhaps the only country that is well-placed to raise taxes to fight the current recession. Spending packages enacted by it to fight slumps in the 1970s produced little but new debt. Since then the prevailing wisdom has been that they do not work. Governments that boost spending in bad times rarely pare it back later. When people see that debts, and thus taxes, are heading up they tend to save more rather than spend. So, the demand stays the same; thus bringing in Ricardian equivalence.
  • What explains the logevity of Japanese companies? Excerpts from an excellent piece that appeared in today's ET:
    • Prof Haruo Funabashi's research on 'secrets of long-lived companies of Japan' reveals some startling facts:
    • 20,000 companies in Japan are more than a hundred years old — 1,200 of them more than 200 years, 600 over 300 years, 30 companies 500 and more, five more than a thousand years and one is fourteen hundred years!
    • Why do so many longlived companies exist in Japan? "The answers seem simple, but quite complicated in practice", says Funabashi. "In Japan we say business not only has to make money but it should ultimately go beyond and serve the greater purpose and well-being of society."
      • If you recall, Neville Isdell the CEO of Coca Cola said something similar recently. We noted in our notes on 17.03.2008. This instance fortifies my belief that our approach to life is far more congenial than the West's blind pursuit of material happniness.
    • It is about religion in practice — every moment, everyday — a deep concern for employees, respect for customers; it is about ethical pricing, understanding suppliers' difficulty and so on. Innovation and change are on high priority — more as self-expressions of creativity and, if need arises, as tools for survival. Most important is the emphasis on empowering people, creating a culture of trust, quality and excellence, all the time.
Governance
  • Country to develop mechanism for assessing welfare programmes
    • India, in collaboration with Britain, will develop the mechanism to assess the impact of programmes like National Rural Employment Guarantee (NREG) so as to know whether the policies are being delivered on ground and being implemented in the interest of poor.
International
  • Rwanda's top presidential aide arrested in Germany and deported to France for questioning
    • Back in 1994, Rwanda witnessed a political assasination. The shooting down of Juvenal Habyarimana's plane, which triggered the country's genocide. The shooting down was done by RPF, Rwanda Patriotic Front which is the ruling party now. Rose Kabuye was an active participant in RPF and is a top aide for the current President Paul Kagame.
    • When she was on an official visit to Germany, she was arrested at the behest of France and deported for facing the enquiry. Even the President could have been arrested, but Germany did not do so because the head of the state enjoys diplomatic immunity.
  • Basque separatism
    • Just as we have separatist agitations in J&K and in the North East, Spain also faces Basque sepratists.
    • ETA is the organization that fights for Basque independence. It is blamed for more than 800 deaths in its long fight for Basque independence. It has traditionally used France as its rear-guard base for logistics to carry out attacks, mainly across the border in Spain. French and Spanish police have cooperated on a number of arrests of top ETA operatives in France.
    • ETA declaration in March 2006 of a "permanent" unilateral cease-fire, which raised hopes for an end to nearly 40 years of ETA violence. Although Spain's Socialist government immediately ended the fledgling peace process, ETA did not officially end its cease-fire until June 2007.
    • The recent arrest by the French authorities of a top Basque separatist leader is expected to have hit the movement hard. There are about 600 ETA convicts or suspects in Spanish jails and 150 others in French jails already.
Politics
  • India thrashes Somalian pirates: sinks a 'mother ship' of the pirates
    • Piracy off the coast of Somalia has of late assumed enormous proportions.
    • Their biggest catch to date perhaps is the "Sirius Star" which is an oil tanker carrying a cargo of two million barrels of Saudi oil - worth more than $100m (£67m). Saudi Arabia is reportedly in negotiations with them for release of the crew and the tanker.
    • Earlier they have hijacked a couple of Indian merchant vessels. This has forced the Indian government deploy its INS Talabar. We noted on 15.11.2008 that INS Tabar has thwarted hijack attempts on two Indian vessels by Somalian pirates.
    • INS Tabar had to fire in self defence against a pirate ship when it refused to stop for inspection and instead fired on INS Tabar. In the retaliatory fire the pirate mother ship was destroyed totally and sunk.
    • IMB, the International Maritime Board which keeps a watch on piracy incidents worldwide, reported that 95 pirate attacks have taken place so far this year in the Gulf of Aden. Of those, 39 resulted in successful captures; 17 of those vessels and their crews -- a total of about 300 sailors -- remain in the hands of the pirates.
    • What are the effects of piracy?
      • Shipping companies face higher insurance premiums, customers could see longer delivery times, less traffic may pass through the Suez Canal.
      • The success of the pirates may also strengthen the hand of radical Islamists in Somalia
  • Nation remembers Indira Gandhi on her 91st birth anniversary
    • President Pratibha Patil, Vice President Hamid Ansari and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Wednesday led the nation in paying homage to former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on her 91st birth anniversary.
  • Indira Gandhi Peace Prize conferred on Md. ElBaradei
    • Mohammad ElBaradei, Director General of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has been chosen for the 2008 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development.
    • He was conferred this prize for "his impassioned opposition to the use of nuclear energy for military purposes and his steadfast espousal of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, sustained over many years."
    • ElBaradei has held his present position at the IAEA since 1997, having been re-appointed for a third term in September 2005.
Medicine
  • First ever transplant of laboratory engineered wind-pipe in humans
    • Surgeons in Spain have carried out the world's first tissue-engineered whole organ transplant - using a windpipe made with the patient's own stem cells.
    • The steps involved in the procedure:
      • Trachea is removed from dead donor patient
      • It is flushed with chemicals to remove all existing cells
      • Donor trachea "scaffold" coated with stem cells from the patient's hip bone marrow. Cells from the airway lining added
      • Once cells have grown (after about four days) donor trachea is inserted into patient's bronchus
    • The importance of this event can be gauzed from the fact that it is for the first time that tissue transplant was carried out without the need for anti-rejection drugs.

19.11.2008

Finance & Economy

  • ATF to be given 'declared goods' status
    • You might have noticed that ATF (Aviation Turbine Fuel) prices have been on an upswing for most part of this year and have pushed the airlines into losses because their share in operational costs has gone up from about 35% to almost 60% or 65% in some cases.
    • The government is mulling giving declared goods status to ATF. "Declared goods" status means bringing ATF under a tax regime which will ensure that it is not taxed at a rate more than 4% either in inter-state trade/commerce or within a state. This status is conferred by adding the commodity to the list of goods mentioned in section 14 of the CST (Central Sales Tax) Act. Section 15 of the Act lays down the restriction that no state sales tax law can impose sales tax which is more than 4% on any declared commodity.
    • As the passage of a bill is unlikely given the short time that is there for the central government, it may most probably come in the form of an ordinance. But as and when it materializes, it will bring a huge relief for the aviation industry in the country and also bring it more or less on par with the international taxation regime.
  • Citigroup delivers a shocker
    • It announced plans to cut some 52,000 employees, or 14% of the bank’s global workforce, over the next year. It has a global workforce of about 3,72,000. Amid a pall of gloom staring it in its face, these plans did not enthuse any stakeholder -- the employees, the shareholders, the Wall Street. But it appeared to have no choice in the wake of declining profits and the battering its stock received on the bourses.
  • Reasons why the proposed SEBI move of segregating retail and corporate investments in mutual funds is good
    • Only yesterday we noted that SEBI is mulling some moves to protect the interests of the retail investor in mutual funds. Look at some sound argument from today's ET editorial:
    • Clubbing retail investors together would help provide homogeneity to the scheme in terms of investment behaviour, ensuring that action of a set of investors does not hurt the interests of others. It would introduce transparency in levy of various charges.
  • Given that the current global financial crisis is the result of failure of some big players in the developed world - notably the US and the EU - is there a case for establishing an Asian Monetary Fund? So that Asia can protect itself from the ravages of a crisis spreading through it?
    • The verdict is a no-brainer. What we need is not another island that is based on inequalities -- either financial or geographical. Instead what is badly needed is recognizing that it is in the collective good that the individual good is ensured. Hence the way forward is an urgent reform of what is bad in the global institutions like the IMF and the World Bank. Dismantling the voting preserve of the so called developed countries (which increasingly are looking like as if they are set to claim the 'developing country' tag) in these institutions is a must. Look at some good debate on this issue in today's ET here.
  • In spite of the US being the epicenter of the current financial crisis, why is the dollar appreciating against major currencies? Logically it should be depreciating; know?
    • I have often said that this is due to pure technical factors and the current strength of the dollar is not based on fundamentals and I have taken a bet that it will eventually start depreciating against major currencies in course of time. Take a look at a couple of these 'technical' factors that were reeled out by today's article in ET here. I excerpt two of them for your ready reference:
    • Firstly, it is the denomination of the subprime mortgages in dollars that is the cuase. Due to dollar-denominated subprime mortgages, financial assets of some of the US-based bankers suffered defaults and the asset bubble went bust. This led to a sudden surge in demand for the dollar in the US to honour the financial obligations of banks. So, foreign institutional investors and US bankers started liquidating their non-US dollar denominated assets in India and other countries and remitted the net dollar discounted amounts back home to the US. This led to a surge in demand for the dollar, resulting in an over-supply of the rupee in the domestic market. This is why the dollar is appreciating despite the US economy not doing well even as that country itself is the originator of the present financial crisis.
    • The other factor which has led to the dollar's appreciation is that after the onset of the current financial market crisis, almost all other countries have been resorting to liberal monetary stances to increase liquidity in domestic markets. Central banks across the world are trying to sustain the credit flow by reducing cash reserve ratios, slashing repo rates etc. There have been relatively greater cuts in the bank rates in India than the corresponding Fed rates in the US. Hence, there is a relatively greater cut in the interest rates for the Indian rupee than the rate for the US dollar, triggering a foreign exchange rate movement in favour of the dollar.
Political
  • Nehru award conferred on Hosni Mubarak
    • The Nehru award which was announced for the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak about 13 years ago is finally awarded to him on his current trip to India.
    • Mubarak was honoured for his "unique role in providing stability and progress to his country, in upholding the Arab cause, in promoting peace and understanding in the region".
    • The award, which carries Rs 25 lakh in cash and a citation, was conferred at a glittering function attended by Vice President Hamid Ansari, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, his senior cabinet colleagues among others.
    • The Award is being given away annually since 1965 for outstanding contribution to the promotion of international understanding, goodwill and friendship among peoples of the world.
  • SACOSAN
    • The third South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) was held in New Delhi on Tuesday.
    • The Prime Minister said that sanitation has to be located in an integrated framework of public health policy to ensure that sanitation activities are indeed adequately funded.
    • Do you know that 20 per cent of toilets built in the country are not functional due to lack of adequate maintenance and poor construction?
    • "Nirmal Gram Puraskar" is an incentive based scheme given to gram panchayats for achieving complete sanitation facilities in their villages by the Rural Development Ministry.
Culture & Arts
  • Mickey Mouse turns 80
    • 18th November 1928, is widely considered the official birthday of Mickey Mouse, although he was born of the imagination of Walt Disney months before his movie debut and also featured in a short animated film called "Plane Crazy", which was made before "Steamboat Willie" but released afterwards.
    • Mickey Mouse was created almost by accident: Walt Disney's first cartoon character was a rabbit called Oswald, but the man who was to rise to become a pre-eminent force in global entertainment lost the rights to the rabbit in 1927 and returned to the drawing board. He came up with a mouse, whom he wanted to call Mortimer. According to popular legend, his wife preferred the name Mickey, and Walt Disney deferred to her choice.